A microthrombus-driven fixed-point cleaved nanosystem for preventing post-thrombolysis recurrence

Therefore, in this study, a novel therapeutic strategy targeting thrombus formation is proposed by utilizing CREKA-modified and functionalized liposomes as carriers, aiming to enhance patient prognosis and treatment outcomes (Scheme 1). Firstly, surface modification of nanoparticles facilitates targeted drug delivery to activated platelets, thereby improving thrombolysis effectiveness and reducing side effects. Secondly, by utilizing iron chelators as ferroptosis inhibitors to regulate ferritin and transferrin expression and function, intracellular free iron levels can be controlled, diminishing the accumulation of intracellular iron ions and alleviating oxidative stress responses, thereby influencing the equilibrium of the thrombus microenvironment. Of particular significance, excessive ROS plays a crucial role in thrombus formation. Hence, ROS scavenging is also pivotal for enhancing thrombus treatment efficacy. Fer-1, a compound capable of clearing ROS and lowering oxidative stress levels, can be employed to treat ischemia-reperfusion injury [40,41]. Loading Fer-1 into liposomes exploits their characteristics to achieve site-specific release at the thrombus site, which further improves the thrombus microenvironment and ischemia-reperfusion injury, resulting in a triple-effect of treatment, prognosis enhancement, and thrombus microenvironment regulation.

Read entire publication